Overview
Understanding research methods is important for gaining knowledge in good research. The various types of research designs include qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. The purpose of this paper is to describe the pros and cons of each of the three approaches to research. A critique of the social science research model will be conducted. Next, this paper will provide a basic philosophical dilemma that producers and consumers must simultaneously maintain an intellectual stance of both believing and doubting research. In addition, the basis of this paper will provide techniques for understanding the various methods.
Discussion
Research Methods
Qualitative. According to the Research Methods text, qualitative research methods are defined as methods that predict knowledge claims (Creswell, 2003). The methods that tend to apply to qualitative approaches include theoretical statements, and beneficial support. These strategies use phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, case study and narrative. Other characteristics of qualitative approaches include open-ended questions, focus groups, emerging approaches, and text or image data. Qualitative approaches add personal values into the study, context and setting of participants. Other ways of determining qualitative approaches focus on validation of the accuracy of its findings, by interpretations of data. Lastly, they create an agenda for change, reform and are able to collaborate with the participants.
Pros and Cons of qualitative research
Focus Groups. Another part of qualitative methods includes focus groups. A focus group may be defined as, “a group of individual selected and assembled by researchers to discuss and comment on, from personal experience, the topic that is the subject of the research” (Gibbs, 1997). There are positive methods for this type of research since it is used to assist in discovery or introduce the hypotheses. By using focus groups well-developed questions, concepts and guidelines are created. The pros and cons of the research are listed below:
1. Focus group research involves organized discussion with a selected group of individuals to gain information about their views and experiences of a topic.
2. Focus group interviewing is particularly suited for obtaining several perspectives about the same topic.
3. The benefits of focus group research include gaining insights into people’s shared understandings of everyday life and the ways in which others influence individuals in a group situation.
4. Problems arise when attempting to identify the individual view from the group view, as well as in the practical arrangements for conducting focus groups.
5. Focus groups are limited in terms of their ability to generalize findings to a whole population, mainly because of the small numbers of people participating and the likelihood that the participants will not be a representative sample (Gibbs, 1997).
Pros and Cons of quantitative research
Quantitative. According to research design study, quantitative research measures interactions between variables (Hopkins, 1998). The functions of variables are important in measuring various matters. Variables measure items in specific and minute detail (e.g. weight, height, age). Another common measuring tool includes surveys and experiments. Methods are employed through use of close-ended questions, predetermined approaches and numeric data. Some areas in which practices of research may use includes tests, theories, explanations, variable, hypotheses, reliability, and statistics.
Quantitative research methods focus on two types of designs to include descriptive and experimental (Hopkins, 1998). Descriptive designs are limited since they create only relations between variables. Descriptive designs are also called observational, since careful examination is used. With the use of descriptive designs, hundreds of samples are conducted for accuracy. Although this repetitious method has cons, there are also pros to this method. For instance, due to the large number of samples taken the results are less likely to provide bias information. Other characteristics of descriptive designs include cases, case series, cross-sectional, cohort, and longitudinal and case control studies. Experimental studies use repeated measures. They are also conducted with and without control groups, time series and crossover. Depending on the type of methods used to conduct research will determine whether to use descriptive or experimental.
Pros and Cons of mixed methods research
Mixed Methods. Mixed methods research integrates and collects quantitative and qualitative designs (Creswell, Fetters, & Ivankova, 2004). Mixed methods are unique since they focus on pragmatic knowledge claims, and they use strategies that are sequential, concurrent, and transformative. Other attributes about the approach include developing a rationale for mixing, integrating the data at different stages of inquiry, and the used of visual pictures. The mixed methods approach merges quantitative and qualitative data for a more complete examination. This approach is used when neither quantitative nor qualitative methods can be determined. The cons of using this method are that research has to be further broken down and various limitations exist.
Social science research model
The Layman’s guide to social research methods underlines the “basics of social research methods can, at times, feel as if one is walking a very fine line between complete comprehension and abysmal failure” (Colosi, 1997). The model contributes two important factors for conducting good research: reliability and validity. Reliability determines the accuracy of a measurement based on its repetitive tests. For instance, a test is proven reliable based on test, retest and consistent behavior. The more often something is tested with the same results the more reliable the research. The validity of measurement “is defined as the strength of our conclusions, inferences or propositions or the best approximation to the truth or falsity” (Colosi, 1997). The four types of validity in social research include conclusion, internal, construct and external validity. The cons that exist to validity include the threats to internal and construct validity. Threats to internal validity focus on three main problems: single group, multiple group and social interaction. Other problems that may exist include social threats to validity, which include hypothesis guessing, evaluator apprehension and experimenter expectancies.
Teaching Critical Thinking
Believing. A guide to understanding critical thinking includes the believing and doubting game. According to the article, “the believing game is the first step in a critical thinking process” (Shapiro, 2005). Educators and other peers often introduce the believing game to students. Simply the believing game sways the listener from a close-minded view, while allowing one to continually think and draw other conclusions. Next, the doubting game provides balance to the believing game. The doubting game focuses on the answer why and the importance of scrutinizing questions or theories.
The methods behind critical thinking provide good tools for understanding the basic philosophical dilemma that producers and consumers must maintain. By using the techniques to critical thinking student and educators take research a step further. It is highly important to evaluate and test research. Without critical thinking many answers in qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research will be left undetermined.
Conclusion
All of the methods discussed are important in conducting and evaluating research. Good researchers will determine the type of methods used in the study, whether it is quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods procedures. Depending on the pros and cons of the research the person conducting the research will want to choose wisely. Moreover, the Layman’s guide to social research methods provides the basis for understanding reliability and validity. Both of these techniques are critical in determining accuracy. The method of choice will depend on the ability to logically and critically think on procedures suitable for the situation. In my opinion critical thinking provides the basis for conducting research, whether it is quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods research.
References
Colosi, L.A., (2005). The Layman’s guide to social research methods. Retrieved March 9,
2005 from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/tutorial/Colosi/lcolosi2.htm
Creswell, J. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods
approaches. London. Sage publications.
Creswell, J.W, Fetters, M.D and Ivankova, N.V., (2004). Designing a mixed methods
study in primary care. Retrieved March 9, 2005 from http://ecourse.hpu.edu
Gibbs, A. (1997). Social research Update. Retrieved March 9, 2005 from
http://ecourse.hpu.edu
Hopkins, W.G., (1998). Quantitative research design. Retrieved March 9, 2005 from
http://ecourse.hpu.edu
Shapiro, A. (2005). Teaching Critical Thinking: The believing game and doubting game.
Retrieved March 9, 2005 from http://ecourse.hpu.edu
Tuesday, March 29, 2005
LEARNING HOW TO USE THE NATURAL STEP IN BUSINESS
Overview
The natural step within a business is an important step for success. The natural step helps companies lead towards sustainability (Nattrass & Altomare, 1999). The purpose of this paper is underline the important system conditions for the natural step based on virtual team discussion. This paper will also discuss the critical system conditions for the evolutionary corporation. Moreover, the paper will study the concept of why the evolutionary corporation is so compelling in today’s world. It will further examine the leadership necessary to invent and sustain a corporation.
Discussion
Natural Step
Purpose. The natural step was first discovered as a scientific term in Sweden (Nattrass & Altomare, 1999). The natural step consists of four principles of ecology for life to sustain. According to Nattrass & Altomare there are certain conditions that must be present in order for life to exist. The basic steps are listed below:
(1) Reduce dependency on materials from the earth’s crust.
(2) Decrease compounds produced by society that accumulate in nature.
(3) Ensure that the productive capacity and diversity of nature is not diminished.
(4) Use resources fairly and efficiently to meet human needs (Nattrass& Altomare, 1999).
All of the above conditions are important, due to the environment in which we live. Humans live in a “closed loop system”(Nattrass & Altomare, 1999). This means that everything that is made and used by us will need to be recycled. In the text IKEA, Scandia Hotels and Collins products were used as ecological leaders for the environment. These companies were the first to adapt and accept environmental change. All of the companies realized that there companies were hurting the environment and a change needed to take place. The companies used the natural step to transform their companies into a safer business.
Virtual Team
Analysis. In the virtual team meeting, each member of the team provided an article concerning the natural step. The first article was about Premier INC, and how it launched a comprehensive web-based resource center to assist in healthcare organizations. The company also established an environmentally safe corporation with an area for recycling and disposal of computers and electronics. This article was interesting and relevant to today. Often organizations are unfamiliar about recycling procedures and how computers should be properly disposed. Premier Inc. became concerned about the environment and started a recycling disposal program for its computers and electronics. The company started a website that would provide information for companies uncertain about recycling procedures. In general, it appears that most people are lazy about recycling because it is an inconvenience. Most think it is easier to throw away the items not realizing the damaging effect on the environment.
In another article in the virtual team meeting, the discussion provided insight about the importance about the linear process. It appears that the world is suffering due to the carelessness of humans and nature has been disrupted for the past centuries. For instance, the problems with acid rain, extinction of species and the greenhouse effect poses a dilemma in today’s society. All of these pollutants that effect nature are a result of a damaged world. It is important for everyone to take a step towards creating a healthier world. The United States and countries around the world focus on various ways of recycling. A more common concept of this theory includes the recycling bottle programs. Many states within the U.S. offer 5 to 10 cents redemption on all returned bottles to encourage recycling.
Evolutionary Corporation
Importance. The evolutionary corporation is vital in today’s society for sustaining a healthy environment. Within many of the cases read, the companies were guilty of polluting the environment unknowingly. Once the news was discovered about the pollutants, being spread into the environment the countries began to use the natural step for change. Often at first, this was difficult for the companies, since they were in a routine of doing things. Starting the recycling process and using safer chemicals would first cost the company a significant amount. First, the companies would need to stop using chemicals that are harmful to the environment. Next, the company would have to use the appropriate measures to properly dispose of the chemicals. All of needed changes would take time and money to incorporate a safer environment.
Leadership
Leadership and development is necessary to invent and sustain a corporation. In order to produce a healthier and safer environment, the leaders must first be willing to incorporate change into its daily processes. For instance, an article by one of the team members stated the issue that resulted in Hawaii’s recycling bottle program. The government presented an agenda that was difficult for people to stick to the program. The Hawaii recycling centers often create an inconvenience for the people that are returning the cans or bottles. Moreover, once the customers arrive at the stations they are often dissatisfied because of long lines. In addition, some sources state that people are not receiving the accurate amount for bottles turned in. All of these problems create problems and steers the person away from making an effort to recycle. Leaders will need to recommend and fix programs that create difficulty in carrying out programs. One suggestion from the team discussion is to enforce environmental laws and increase taxes on garbage and electricity. This is just one solution to many; ultimately, it is up the individual to recycle.
Conclusion
Opinion. Overall, it is important for corporations and consumers to realize the importance of the natural step. The natural step enhances the environments well being. Without the natural step, companies would continue to endanger the environment. Some companies have lost business for failing to rectify an environmental safe solution. Leaders, companies and consumers must learn that sustaining momentum is everyone’s responsibility. By incorporating natural steps into the environment the world and the people, which live within it, are better off in the end. The world must take a close reflection to what it can do to make the world a safer place to live in.
Reference
Nattrass, B. & Altomare, M., (1999). The Natural Step: Wealth, Ecology and the Evolutionary
Corporation. Canada. New Society Publishers
The natural step within a business is an important step for success. The natural step helps companies lead towards sustainability (Nattrass & Altomare, 1999). The purpose of this paper is underline the important system conditions for the natural step based on virtual team discussion. This paper will also discuss the critical system conditions for the evolutionary corporation. Moreover, the paper will study the concept of why the evolutionary corporation is so compelling in today’s world. It will further examine the leadership necessary to invent and sustain a corporation.
Discussion
Natural Step
Purpose. The natural step was first discovered as a scientific term in Sweden (Nattrass & Altomare, 1999). The natural step consists of four principles of ecology for life to sustain. According to Nattrass & Altomare there are certain conditions that must be present in order for life to exist. The basic steps are listed below:
(1) Reduce dependency on materials from the earth’s crust.
(2) Decrease compounds produced by society that accumulate in nature.
(3) Ensure that the productive capacity and diversity of nature is not diminished.
(4) Use resources fairly and efficiently to meet human needs (Nattrass& Altomare, 1999).
All of the above conditions are important, due to the environment in which we live. Humans live in a “closed loop system”(Nattrass & Altomare, 1999). This means that everything that is made and used by us will need to be recycled. In the text IKEA, Scandia Hotels and Collins products were used as ecological leaders for the environment. These companies were the first to adapt and accept environmental change. All of the companies realized that there companies were hurting the environment and a change needed to take place. The companies used the natural step to transform their companies into a safer business.
Virtual Team
Analysis. In the virtual team meeting, each member of the team provided an article concerning the natural step. The first article was about Premier INC, and how it launched a comprehensive web-based resource center to assist in healthcare organizations. The company also established an environmentally safe corporation with an area for recycling and disposal of computers and electronics. This article was interesting and relevant to today. Often organizations are unfamiliar about recycling procedures and how computers should be properly disposed. Premier Inc. became concerned about the environment and started a recycling disposal program for its computers and electronics. The company started a website that would provide information for companies uncertain about recycling procedures. In general, it appears that most people are lazy about recycling because it is an inconvenience. Most think it is easier to throw away the items not realizing the damaging effect on the environment.
In another article in the virtual team meeting, the discussion provided insight about the importance about the linear process. It appears that the world is suffering due to the carelessness of humans and nature has been disrupted for the past centuries. For instance, the problems with acid rain, extinction of species and the greenhouse effect poses a dilemma in today’s society. All of these pollutants that effect nature are a result of a damaged world. It is important for everyone to take a step towards creating a healthier world. The United States and countries around the world focus on various ways of recycling. A more common concept of this theory includes the recycling bottle programs. Many states within the U.S. offer 5 to 10 cents redemption on all returned bottles to encourage recycling.
Evolutionary Corporation
Importance. The evolutionary corporation is vital in today’s society for sustaining a healthy environment. Within many of the cases read, the companies were guilty of polluting the environment unknowingly. Once the news was discovered about the pollutants, being spread into the environment the countries began to use the natural step for change. Often at first, this was difficult for the companies, since they were in a routine of doing things. Starting the recycling process and using safer chemicals would first cost the company a significant amount. First, the companies would need to stop using chemicals that are harmful to the environment. Next, the company would have to use the appropriate measures to properly dispose of the chemicals. All of needed changes would take time and money to incorporate a safer environment.
Leadership
Leadership and development is necessary to invent and sustain a corporation. In order to produce a healthier and safer environment, the leaders must first be willing to incorporate change into its daily processes. For instance, an article by one of the team members stated the issue that resulted in Hawaii’s recycling bottle program. The government presented an agenda that was difficult for people to stick to the program. The Hawaii recycling centers often create an inconvenience for the people that are returning the cans or bottles. Moreover, once the customers arrive at the stations they are often dissatisfied because of long lines. In addition, some sources state that people are not receiving the accurate amount for bottles turned in. All of these problems create problems and steers the person away from making an effort to recycle. Leaders will need to recommend and fix programs that create difficulty in carrying out programs. One suggestion from the team discussion is to enforce environmental laws and increase taxes on garbage and electricity. This is just one solution to many; ultimately, it is up the individual to recycle.
Conclusion
Opinion. Overall, it is important for corporations and consumers to realize the importance of the natural step. The natural step enhances the environments well being. Without the natural step, companies would continue to endanger the environment. Some companies have lost business for failing to rectify an environmental safe solution. Leaders, companies and consumers must learn that sustaining momentum is everyone’s responsibility. By incorporating natural steps into the environment the world and the people, which live within it, are better off in the end. The world must take a close reflection to what it can do to make the world a safer place to live in.
Reference
Nattrass, B. & Altomare, M., (1999). The Natural Step: Wealth, Ecology and the Evolutionary
Corporation. Canada. New Society Publishers
Wednesday, March 09, 2005
ORACLE’S IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCCESSFUL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS IN TODAY’S BUSINESS
Overview
The Oracle Corporation is a software programming company that expands, produces, advertises, allocates and examines database software and infrastructure software (Reuters, 2005).
The Oracle Corporation is a software programming company that expands, produces, advertises, allocates and examines database software and infrastructure software (Reuters, 2005).
This paper will investigate the requirement for knowledge management implementation to be successful. Next, the paper will discuss the specifications and elements necessary for a productive knowledge management system. Moreover, a comparison of architectural details between Oracle, Business Objects S.A. incorporated, and Humming bird Ltd will be evaluated. Lastly, this paper will conclude with an explanation of measures to create an effective knowledge management system (KMS).
Discussion
Company Background
Software. The Oracle Corporation consists of two business and five operating divisions, software systems and service business (Reuters, 2005). The software business is comprised of two operating systems, which include new software licenses and product support. The service business includes consulting, advanced product services and education. The software portion of the business focuses on Internet architecture, database servers, application servers and client computers. The architectural system allows end users access to data and applications. The program also allows management from various locations. The products that represent Oracle’s architectural design have the ability to eradicate fragmentation, while amalgamating various applications.
Company Background
Software. The Oracle Corporation consists of two business and five operating divisions, software systems and service business (Reuters, 2005). The software business is comprised of two operating systems, which include new software licenses and product support. The service business includes consulting, advanced product services and education. The software portion of the business focuses on Internet architecture, database servers, application servers and client computers. The architectural system allows end users access to data and applications. The program also allows management from various locations. The products that represent Oracle’s architectural design have the ability to eradicate fragmentation, while amalgamating various applications.
Oracles database serves as a tools for creating and outputting systems via the Internet (Reuters, 2005). The database facilitates the storage, operation and recovery of relational, object-relational, dimensional and other forms of data through rapid development. Another tool of Oracle includes the application server. The application server allows web designers easy access to generate and position Internet services, gateways and applications. The company also has a collaboration suite, which manages office automation systems. The systems include management of email, voicemail, facsimiles, calendars, file sharing, search, customer data hubs and workflow (Reuters, 2005).
In addition, Oracle offers E-business suites to support its products. The architecture software for Oracle includes financials, tasks, advertising, transactions, order management, procurement, manufacturing, service and human resources, which provide business intelligence to KMS (Reuters, 2005). Software license updates also serve as an important role to customers to ensure technical support and maintenance are provided.
Service. The Oracle service business provides consulting, advanced product services and education. Oracles consulting practice achieves customer satisfaction by providing information technology to its customers (Reuters, 2005). Information technology is offered through advanced product services, such as Oracle On Demand. Oracle On Demand presents three customer services to include E-Business On Demand, Technology On Demand and Collaboration Suite On Demand. These systems allow the customer the ability to manage applications and databases in various locations. Educating Oracle employees, customers, and partners serves as a valuable commodity for the company. Oracle established a University to train students in a public or private environment to equip professionals in the 21st century.
Tactics and strategies
Financials. Over the last six months, the Oracle Corporation successfully integrated with PeopleSoft (Forbes, 2005). The financial forecast for company is off to a good start with the merge of PeopleSoft. The company’s earnings-per-share forecast rose from 61 cents to 69 cents on the dollar, and is expected to incline through 2006. Oracle will compete with another business software giant, SAP (Beyers, 2005). Oracle plans to redirect and change guidance through the merger with PeopleSoft. The company is expecting sales to reach $14.1 billion, with a $4.3 billion in new license revenue. The company is forecasting to gain a 7% increase in new software licenses.
Financials. Over the last six months, the Oracle Corporation successfully integrated with PeopleSoft (Forbes, 2005). The financial forecast for company is off to a good start with the merge of PeopleSoft. The company’s earnings-per-share forecast rose from 61 cents to 69 cents on the dollar, and is expected to incline through 2006. Oracle will compete with another business software giant, SAP (Beyers, 2005). Oracle plans to redirect and change guidance through the merger with PeopleSoft. The company is expecting sales to reach $14.1 billion, with a $4.3 billion in new license revenue. The company is forecasting to gain a 7% increase in new software licenses.
KM Strategy
Plan. In order for the Oracle Corporation to implement a successful knowledge management plan with PeopleSoft, the two companies must learn how to work together (Kerstetter & Lacy, 2005). The company must come up with a plan to support and merge the product lines. Since the merge, Oracle will plan to lay off 5,000 people in various departments, retaining 90% of PeopleSofts engineers. The company will have to steer clear from making two different companies. The company will need to merge both of the corporations for a successful strategy. Oracle is best known for its aggressive software programming behavior, while PeopleSoft will add a softer touch to its customers.
Plan. In order for the Oracle Corporation to implement a successful knowledge management plan with PeopleSoft, the two companies must learn how to work together (Kerstetter & Lacy, 2005). The company must come up with a plan to support and merge the product lines. Since the merge, Oracle will plan to lay off 5,000 people in various departments, retaining 90% of PeopleSofts engineers. The company will have to steer clear from making two different companies. The company will need to merge both of the corporations for a successful strategy. Oracle is best known for its aggressive software programming behavior, while PeopleSoft will add a softer touch to its customers.
Merge. Currently, “the company will make no effort to nudge PeopleSoft customers toward other Oracle products, such as its databases and middleware software that helps big companies use their business systems over the Internet” (Kerstetter & Lacy, 2005, p.3). Most of the corporations choose to run their business while using other programs such as IBM. Oracle understands it cannot control this procedure; however, it will provide the customer with a choice. The customer will have the option to buy the companies product lines. The new computer programming system will include standards that support Java and hypertext markup language (HTML) (Kerstetter & Lacy, 2005). This new software system will provide users with rapid and simple connections versus the older complicated standard programs.
Oracle plans to streamline operations, which are expected to reduce costs, and drive growth by adding to its advanced business support system (Convergys, 2005). Oracle will provide support to the United Kingdoms mobile service Genesis Communications. According to Convergys Corporation, “ the solution enables Genesis Communications a solution to automate key processes such as order management and fulfillment, delivers sophisticated rating and billing, provides a single customer view across all accounts, and supports a multi-language/currency operation” (Convergys, 2005, p.1). By streamlining its processes, the company will focus on its customers, adding value to its services, while increasing KM for a competitive advantage. In addition, the strategic plan will transform office procedures while enhancing sales, marketing plans and providing satisfaction to customers.
KM Systems
Competition. Business Objects S.A. is technology software and programming corporation that focuses on intelligence systems (Reuters, 2005). This company has the ability to market and distribute software among organizations. The system equips professionals with the resources to track and manage performance. Some of the key products include, “data integration, query, reporting, online analytical processing, information broadcasting, business alerts, analytical application frameworks and pre-packaged analytic applications” (Reuters, 2005, p. 1). Additionally, its products also include administration tools that permit information knowledge experts to set up and organize it systems across a venture.
Competition. Business Objects S.A. is technology software and programming corporation that focuses on intelligence systems (Reuters, 2005). This company has the ability to market and distribute software among organizations. The system equips professionals with the resources to track and manage performance. Some of the key products include, “data integration, query, reporting, online analytical processing, information broadcasting, business alerts, analytical application frameworks and pre-packaged analytic applications” (Reuters, 2005, p. 1). Additionally, its products also include administration tools that permit information knowledge experts to set up and organize it systems across a venture.
Intelligence. Business Objects S.A. uses business intelligence platforms into its applications and data integrations (Reuters, 2005). Some of the products used include crystal reports and crystal enterprise. The purpose of these systems is to provide optimal organization and performance for the systems. The data integration tool helps accelerate business intelligence deployments and other systems for faster processes. The company excels in performance through launching a new product named Business Objects Knowledge Accelerator XI (Business Objects, 2005). The purpose of this program is to provide a web-based product that is relevant, convenient and cost effective to the user. The knowledge program allows geographically separated users the advantage of gaining access to the organizations data. The program is also user friendly; since it helps, users learn at their own pace. According to Business Objects, “southwest airlines plans to broaden business intelligence implementation with the new system” (Business Objects, 2005). With the use of the new technology, the airline company will make important decisions vital to the competitive industry, while focusing on corporate performance.
Furthermore, Business Objects S.A. and Open pages will collaborate to offer an advanced operational risk management program (Open pages, 2005). The system will add knowledge while bringing intelligence to corporate management, providing insight into state policies. The new system Business Objects XI will help companies reach far beyond historical data. The system will provide analytical applications, queries and other specialized end-user tools. “The combination of Business Objects XI and Open pages solutions provides the capabilities for organizations to more easily monitor governance, risk, and compliance processes throughout the enterprise” (Open pages, 2005, p.1). Additionally, the system provides customized training platforms, convenient and cost effective desktop delivery.
Business Objects S.A. competes with Oracle in the services department. Business Objects S.A. offers customer support in three forms: standard, elite and premium. The services offered meet the needs of the customer. The company also places a high priority on customer satisfaction. Business Objects will “support customers throughout the lifecycle of their products and ensuring they are successful with their business intelligence implementations” (Business Objects, 2005). The company also offers education and training programs to customers and consultants (Reuters, 2005). However, the company does not offer an extensive university program like Oracle.
Hummingbird Ltd. is a software programming Technology Company that uses intelligence, data integration, document and knowledge management and collaboration software (Reuters, 2005). The company uses a platform that enables PC users the ability to organize knowledge assets. Hummingbird been named as one of the 100 companies that matter in knowledge management (Hummingbird, 2005). Hummingbird Ltd. provides a repository for multimedia, electronic records, e-mail, and web content in a flexible environment. Moreover, the corporation includes management features that allow users the ability to manage and classify content.
Hummingbird Ltd. knowledge management strategy is based on enterprise advancement (Hummingbird, 2005). The prestigious company will team up will Stikeman Elliott and ii3 to develop a stronger knowledge management team. The company will offer users a “single point of access to the firm’s knowledge” (Hummingbird, 2005). The knowledge management solution for the ii3 system will use advanced knowledge management. The systems used will include advanced searches, and knowledge retrieval. The system will further ensure flexible conditions are met through support, openness, knowledge and information, while sustaining vertical markets. The vertical markets include federal, state, local governments and energy, utilities and legal services.
Measures of effectiveness
The Oracle Corporation, Business Object S.A. and Humming bird Ltd corporation primary business focuses on software and programming. The measure of effectives for these companies is to provide knowledge management, financial gain and a competitive advantage (Reuters, 2005). All of the companies discussed are competing within the technology industry. The effective measures that support each company include customer satisfaction, knowledge know how, service, growth, industry rankings, revenues, education and training. Growth within the technology industry will increase as the field represents 79%, 76% and 73% of all revenues today (Reuters Business report, 2005).
Rankings. Industry rankings within a corporation measure the effectives for KM systems. For instance, Hummingbird Ltd. gained recognition being named one of the most 100 successful companies that matter in knowledge management in 2005. The company has held this prestigious rank for the last five years (Hummingbird, 2005). Knowledge management matters in a company for several reasons. Knowledge management systems are unique since they usually bring a tool that no other company has. Oracle also holds a high rank, as the world’s leading and largest software company (Convergys, 2005). Whereas Business Objects, S.A. is known as the world’s leading business intelligence software company (Business Objects, 2005). All of the companies named above are fortune 500 companies. In the business world success, rankings, and recognition are vital. Moreover, companies tend to compete in a variety of areas. Other effective measures include business intelligence and knowledge of systems.
Conclusion
Opinion. Oracle’s strategies will prove beneficial by staying ahead of competition within the knowledge area. Hummingbird Ltd. has gained the perception of the importance of knowledge management to stay ahead. Oracle has become the world’s largest software company over Hummingbird Ltd and Business Objects S.A. The company will need to out know the other competitors. The software and programming industry is a competitive technology field. The company continues as a renowned leader by offering exceptional software and services to the consumer. The company also gained a competitive advantage by merging with PeopleSoft. The merge of the two companies created a successful plan for managing knowledge. Overall companies such as Oracle, Hummingbird Ltd, and Business Objects S.A find continual success through knowledge and intelligence implementation.
References
Beyers, T. (2005, January 27). Oracle’s Softwar? The Motley Fool. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://www.fool.com/news/mft/2005/mft05012718.htm
Business Objects. (2005, January 11). Business Objects launches business objects knowledge
accelerator XI. Business Wire. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/050111/115426_1.html
Business Objects. (2005, January 18). Southwest airlines plans to broaden business intelligence
implementation with business objects XI. Business Wire. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/050118/175569_1.html
Convergys Corporation. (2005, February 16). Oracle and Convergys provide solution to
transform genesis communications’ customer contact centers. Business Wire. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/050216/165462_1.html
Forbes. (2005, January 27). Oracle is on track with PeopleSoft integration. Retrieved February
24, 2005, from http://www.forbes.com
Hummingbird Ltd. (2005, February 8). Hummingbird celebrates customer innovation at summit 2005. PR News. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/050208/to041_1.html
Hummingbird Ltd. (2005, February 8). Stikeman Elliott collaborates with Hummingbird and ii3
to advance its enterprise knowledge management stratey. PR News. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/050208/to029_1.html
Hummingbird Ltd. (2005, February 22). Hummingbird named one of the ‘100 companies that
matter in knowledge management in 2005. PR News. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/0502222/to031)_1.html
Kerstetter, J. & Lacy, S. (2005, January 19). Oracle lays out its game plan. Business week online. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://yahoo.businessweek.com/technology/content/jan2005/tc20050119_4535_tc119.htm
Open Pages. (2005, February 22). Open pages partners with business objects to deliver advanced monitoring and reporting capabilities for Sarbanes-oxley compliance and operational risk management. Market Wire. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://biz.yahoo.com/iw/050222/081290.html
Reuters. (2005) Full company description on Business Objects S.A. Retrieved February 22,
2005, from http://www.investor.reuters.com
Reuters. (2005) Full company description on Hummingbird Ltd. Retrieved February 22,
2005, from http://www.investor.reuters.com
Reuters. (2005) Full company description on Oracle Corporation. Retrieved February 22, 2005, from http://www.investor.reuters.com
Tuesday, March 01, 2005
Practical Research
Overview
In the text, “Practical Research” various research methods are discussed (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). Good researchers gain knowledge by understanding the importance of research.
In the text, “Practical Research” various research methods are discussed (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). Good researchers gain knowledge by understanding the importance of research.
The purpose of this paper is to understand the value of a research proposal. Next, the paper will differentiate between a problem statement and a hypothesis statement. Lastly, the paper will provide insight to the sampling theory and evaluate research designs.
Discussion
Value of Research
Value. Understanding the value of research provides important knowledge in numerous ways. Good researchers will establish research proposal to format papers, dissertations and other materials. Research proposals add a significant amount of value by offering straightforward, clear, concise documents (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). By writing a clear-cut document researchers focus on the main objective of the material that is presented. This eliminates unnecessary cluttered information that may lie within the document. Research proposals should be clear in the most minute detail and form. According to Leedy and Ormrod research proposals, provide organization to the study or research project. It also communicates to the reader the planned intentions of the writer.
Research proposals are important because they offer a guideline for effective communication. Without a detailed proposal, the reader would be confused or make assumptions to what the writer is trying to explain. Research proposal should outline the study, eradicating the need for guessing. In addition, research proposals use headings and subheadings from levels one to level five, depending on the method (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). A good research proposal is like a road map; it should take the reader from point A to point B. Other important factors for research include developing a good problem statement and hypothesis statement.
Types of statements
Problem. Problem statements are developed through careful thought and consideration of the surrounding world. Leedy & Ormrod (2005), states, “The heart of every research project is the problem”. This means problems and research exist together. Research problems exist in a range of topics such as agriculture, economics, educations, heath care and so on. The possibilities are endless. To become a better-informed researcher and develop a problem statement, one must read literature about a topic of interest. This will allow the researcher a chance to explore his or her interest, before choosing a topic. Some researchers may want to attend professional conferences and seek advice of experts (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). Experienced experts are able to answer questions and determine what needs to done. Problem statements should be intriguing, motivating and interesting. Researchers will want to pick topics that are unique that will capture the attention of others. By choosing, a topic that is intriguing and motivating the researcher will be able to build on the study. Researchers will want to stay away from boring lifeless studies. These topics will only hinder the researcher’s ability and waste time and effort.
Hypotheses. A hypotheses statement differs from a problem statement in several ways. A hypotheses statement is an educated guess about how a research problem came into existence (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). Hypotheses statements are key to conducting trial based research, mostly found in qualitative research methods. Hypotheses exist in two forms; null and research. Null hypotheses are used in statistical studies and research hypotheses are used to disprove theories.
Sampling theory
The sampling theory is conducted by selecting a small group of objects to conduct research (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). The basis of the research will stem from a selection of questions about a residents or objects. Then the researcher will break down the sample further in a smaller group. Sampling methods subsists in probability, simple random, stratified random, proportional stratified, cluster, systematic and non-probability sampling. The sample method used will depend on the evidence and population type.
Research Designs
Research designs can be categorized into three groups to include, pre-experimental designs, true experimental designs, and quasi-experimental designs. Pre-experimental designs are limited in its capabilities, because it forms tentative hypotheses (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). This type of design is difficult to determine since much of the information is vague and should be followed up with more research. True experimental designs tend to produce a greater control and strength in groups. These designs tend to focus on randomness in a group. The quasi-experimental design does not control variables. This design is unique since it “takes whatever variables and explanations they have not controlled for into consideration when they interpret their data” (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). Other research designs include ex post facto designs and factorial designs. Ex post facto designs are based on previously discovered materials. Factorial designs use larger samples to conduct experiments.
Conclusion
Opinion. The value of properly writing and understanding a research proposal is important for constructing materials. The major insight of practical research assembles around paying close attention to minute and careful details. Research proposals, problem statements, hypothesis statements and sampling theories are needed for good structuring techniques. This text provides a basis for properly conducting research. Researchers must also learn the importance of writing of writing clear-cut documents that focus on the central idea of the thought to be presented. Within the college environment, it will be vital to understand the correct methods and techniques when writing papers. This text provides a good reference tool for research with the American Psychological Association (APA) manual. One important note in the role of research is knowing when to quit (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005). Often researchers become redundant when writing literature. By understanding when to quit researchers, avoid repetition, which draws the attention away from the topic. The value of writing a good research proposal will contribute to a well-written project in the end.
Reference
Leedy, P.D., & Ormrod, J.E. (2005). Practical Research: Planning and design (5th ed).
Columbus OH. Merrill Prentice Hall.
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